References for the developmental background and evaluation of NBR as a severity index
Lopez Garcia, M.J. & Caselles, V. (1991). Mapping burns and natural reforestation using Thematic Mapper data. Geocarto International, 1, 31-37.
Key, C.H. & Benson, N.C. (2005). Landscape assessment: remote sensing of severity, the Normalized Burn Ratio. In: D.C. Lutes et al. (Editors), FIREMON: Fire Effects Monitoring and Inventory System, Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, General Technical Report, RMRS-GTR-164-CD:LA1-LA51.
Key, C.H. & Benson, N.C. (2005). Landscape Assessment: ground measure of severity, the Composite Burn Index. In: D.C. Lutes et al. (Editors), FIREMON: Fire Effects Monitoring and Inventory System, Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, General Technical Report, RMRS-GTR-164-CD:LA1-LA51.
Brewer, K.C., Winne, J.C., Redmond, R.L., Opitz, D.W. & Mangrich, M.V. (2005). Classifying and mapping wildfire severity: A comparison of methods. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 71(11), 1311-1320.
Cocke, A.E., Fulé, P.Z. & Crouse, J.E. (2005). Comparison of burn severity assessments using Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio and ground data. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 189-198.
Epting, J., Verbyla, D. & Sorbel, B. (2005). Evaluation of remotely sensed indices for assessing burn severity in interior Alaska using Landsat TM and ETM+. Remote Sensing of Environment, 96(3-4), 328.
Holden, Z.A., Smith, A.M.S., Morgan, P., Rollins, M.G. & Gessler, P.E. (2005). Evaluation of novel thermally enhanced spectral indices for mapping fire perimeters and comparisons with fire atlas data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26(21), 4801-4808.
Miller, J.D. & Yool, S.R. (2002). Mapping forest post-fire canopy consumption in several overstory types using multi-temporal Landsat TM and ETM data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 82(2-3), 481-496.
Roy, D.P., Boschetti, L. & Trigg, S.N. (2006). Remote sensing of fire severity: Assessing the performance of the Normalized Burn Ratio. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 3(1), 112-116.
van Wagtendonk, J.W., Root, R.R. & Key, C.H. (2004). Comparison of AVIRIS and Landsat ETM+ detection capabilities for burn severity. Remote Sensing of Environment, 92(3), 397-408.
References that use NBR derived data to solve questions
Hydrological effects:
Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Rupert, M.G., Michael, J.A., Djokic, D. & Sreedhar, S. (2003). Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the Grand Prix and Old Fires of 2003, Southern California. Open-File Report, 03-0475: U.S. Geological Survey.
Lewis, S.A., Wu, J.Q. & Robichaud, P.R. (2006). Assessing burn severity and comparing soil water repellency, Hayman Fire, Colorado. Hydrological Processes, 20(1), 1-16.
Miller, J.D., Nyhan, J.W. & Yool, S.R. (2003). Modeling potential erosion due to the Cerro Grande Fire with a GIS-based implementation of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 12(1), 85-100.
Fuel treatment effectiveness:
Finney, M.A., McHugh, C.W. & Grenfell, I.C. (2005). Stand- and landscape-level effects of prescribed burning on two Arizona wildfires. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35(7), 1714-1722.
Landscape level ecosystem processes:
Bigler, C., Kulakowski, D. & Veblen, T.T. (2005). Multiple disturbance interactions and drought influence fire severity in Rocky Mountain subalpine forests. Ecology, 86(11), 3018-3029.
Epting, J. & Verbyla, D. (2005). Landscape-level interactions of prefire vegetation, burn severity, and postfire vegetation over a 16-year period in interior Alaska. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35, 1367-1377.
Kotliar, N.B., Haire, S.L. & Key, C.H. (2003). Lessons from the fires of 2000: post-fire heterogeneity in Ponderosa pine forests, RMRS-P-29. Conference Proceedings, April 16-18, 2002, Fort Collins, CO: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 277-279 pp.
Miller, J.D. & Fites, J. (2006). Sierra Nevada Fire Severity Monitoring: 1984 - 2004. Internal Report, Draft. Nevada City, CA: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, Adaptive Management Services Enterprise Team, 62 pp.
Thode, A.E. (2005). Quantifying the Fire Regime Attributes of Severity and Spatial Complexity Using Field and Imagery Data. PhD Dissertation, University of California, Davis, CA.